Stress Management

How to Reduce, prevent, and Cope with Stress

It may seem that there’s nothing you can do about your stress level. The bills aren’t going to stop coming, there will never be more hours in the day for all your errands, and your career or family responsibilities will always be demanding. But you have a lot more control than you might think. In fact, the simple realization that you’re in control of your life is the foundation of stress management.
Managing stress is all about taking charge: taking charge of your thoughts, your emotions, your schedule, your environment, and the way you deal with problems. The ultimate goal is a balanced life, with time for work, relationships, relaxation, and fun – plus the resilience to hold up under pressure and meet challenges head on.

In This Article:

• Identify sources of stress
• Look at how you cope with stress
• Avoid unnecessary stress
• Alter the situation
• Adapt to the stressor
• Accept the things you can’t change
• Make time for fun and relaxation
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle
• Related links

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Identify the sources of stress in your life

Stress management starts with identifying the sources of stress in your life. This isn’t as easy as it sounds. Your true sources of stress aren’t always obvious, and it’s all too easy to overlook your own stress-inducing thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Sure, you may know that you’re constantly worried about work deadlines. But maybe it’s your procrastination, rather than the actual job demands, that leads to deadline stress.
To identify your true sources of stress, look closely at your habits, attitude, and excuses:

• Do you explain away stress as temporary (“I just have a million things going on right now”) even though you can’t remember the last time you took a breather?
• Do you define stress as an integral part of your work or home life (“Things are always crazy around here”) or as a part of your personality (“I have a lot of nervous energy, that’s all”).
• Do you blame your stress on other people or outside events, or view it as entirely normal and unexceptional?

Until you accept responsibility for the role you play in creating or maintaining it, your stress level will remain outside your control.

Start a stress journal

A stress journal can help you identify the regular stressors in your life and the way you deal with them. Each time you feel stressed, keep track of it in your journal. As you keep a daily log, you will begin to see patterns and common themes. Write down:

• What caused your stress (make a guess if you’re unsure).
• How you felt, both physically and emotionally.
• How you acted in response.
• What you did to make yourself feel better.

Look at how you currently cope with stress

Think about the ways you currently manage and cope with stress in your life. Your stress journal can help you identify them. Are your coping strategies healthy or unhealthy, helpful or unproductive? Unfortunately, many people cope with stress in ways that compound the problem.

Unhealthy ways of coping with stress

These coping strategies may temporarily reduce stress, but they cause more damage in the long run:

Smoking Drinking too much Overeating or undereating Zoning out for hours in front of the TV or computer Withdrawing from friends, family, and activities

Using pills or drugs to relax       Sleeping too much Procrastinating Filling up every minute of the day to avoid facing problems Taking out your stress on others (lashing out, angry outbursts, physical violence)

Learning healthier ways to manage stress

If your methods of coping with stress aren’t contributing to your greater emotional and physical health, it’s time to find healthier ones. There are many healthy ways to manage and cope with stress, but they all require change. You can either change the situation or change your reaction. When deciding which option to choose, it’s helpful to think of the four As: avoid, alter, adapt, or accept.
Since everyone has a unique response to stress, there is no “one size fits all” solution to managing it. No single method works for everyone or in every situation, so experiment with different techniques and strategies. Focus on what makes you feel calm and in control.

Dealing with Stressful Situations: The Four A’s

Change the situation: Avoid the stressor. Alter the stressor.

Change your reaction: Adapt to the stressor. Accept the stressor.

Stress management strategy #1: Avoid unnecessary stress

Not all stress can be avoided, and it’s not healthy to avoid a situation that needs to be addressed. You may be surprised, however, by the number of stressors in your life that you can eliminate.

• Learn how to say “no” – Know your limits and stick to them. Whether in your personal or professional life, refuse to accept added responsibilities when you’re close to reaching them. Taking on more than you can handle is a surefire recipe for stress.
• Avoid people who stress you out – If someone consistently causes stress in your life and you can’t turn the relationship around, limit the amount of time you spend with that person or end the relationship entirely. 
• Take control of your environment – If the evening news makes you anxious, turn the TV off. If traffic’s got you tense, take a longer but less-traveled route. If going to the market is an unpleasant chore, do your grocery shopping online.
• Avoid hot-button topics – If you get upset over religion or politics, cross them off your conversation list. If you repeatedly argue about the same subject with the same people, stop bringing it up or excuse yourself when it’s the topic of discussion.
• Pare down your to-do list – Analyze your schedule, responsibilities, and daily tasks. If you’ve got too much on your plate, distinguish between the “shoulds” and the “musts.” Drop tasks that aren’t truly necessary to the bottom of the list or eliminate them entirely.

Stress management strategy #2: Alter the situation

If you can’t avoid a stressful situation, try to alter it. Figure out what you can do to change things so the problem doesn’t present itself in the future. Often, this involves changing the way you communicate and operate in your daily life.

• Express your feelings instead of bottling them up. If something or someone is bothering you, communicate your concerns in an open and respectful way. If you don’t voice your feelings, resentment will build and the situation will likely remain the same.
• Be willing to compromise. When you ask someone to change their behavior, be willing to do the same. If you both are willing to bend at least a little, you’ll have a good chance of finding a happy middle ground.
• Be more assertive. Don’t take a backseat in your own life. Deal with problems head on, doing your best to anticipate and prevent them. If you’ve got an exam to study for and your chatty roommate just got home, say up front that you only have five minutes to talk.
• Manage your time better. Poor time management can cause a lot of stress. When you’re stretched too thin and running behind, it’s hard to stay calm and focused. But if you plan ahead and make sure you don’t overextend yourself, you can alter the amount of stress you’re under.

Stress management strategy #3: Adapt to the stressor

If you can’t change the stressor, change yourself. You can adapt to stressful situations and regain your sense of control by changing your expectations and attitude.

• Reframe problems. Try to view stressful situations from a more positive perspective. Rather than fuming about a traffic jam, look at it as an opportunity to pause and regroup, listen to your favorite radio station, or enjoy some alone time.
• Look at the big picture. Take perspective of the stressful situation. Ask yourself how important it will be in the long run. Will it matter in a month? A year? Is it really worth getting upset over? If the answer is no, focus your time and energy elsewhere.
• Adjust your standards. Perfectionism is a major source of avoidable stress. Stop setting yourself up for failure by demanding perfection. Set reasonable standards for yourself and others, and learn to be okay with “good enough.”
• Focus on the positive. When stress is getting you down, take a moment to reflect on all the things you appreciate in your life, including your own positive qualities and gifts. This simple strategy can help you keep things in perspective.

Adjusting Your Attitude

How you think can have a profound effect on your emotional and physical well-being. Each time you think a negative thought about yourself, your body reacts as if it were in the throes of a tension-filled situation. If you see good things about yourself, you are more likely to feel good; the reverse is also true. Eliminate words such as "always," "never," "should," and "must." These are telltale marks of self-defeating thoughts.

Stress management strategy #4: Accept the things you can’t change

Some sources of stress are unavoidable. You can’t prevent or change stressors such as the death of a loved one, a serious illness, or a national recession. In such cases, the best way to cope with stress is to accept things as they are. Acceptance may be difficult, but in the long run, it’s easier than railing against a situation you can’t change.

• Don’t try to control the uncontrollable. Many things in life are beyond our control— particularly the behavior of other people. Rather than stressing out over them, focus on the things you can control such as the way you choose to react to problems.
• Look for the upside. As the saying goes, “What doesn’t kill us makes us stronger.” When facing major challenges, try to look at them as opportunities for personal growth. If your own poor choices contributed to a stressful situation, reflect on them and learn from your mistakes.
• Share your feelings. Talk to a trusted friend or make an appointment with a therapist. Expressing what you’re going through can be very cathartic, even if there’s nothing you can do to alter the stressful situation.
• Learn to forgive. Accept the fact that we live in an imperfect world and that people make mistakes. Let go of anger and resentments. Free yourself from negative energy by forgiving and moving on.

Stress management strategy #5: Make time for fun and relaxation

Beyond a take-charge approach and a positive attitude, you can reduce stress in your life by nurturing yourself. If you regularly make time for fun and relaxation, you’ll be in a better place to handle life’s stressors when they inevitably come.

Healthy ways to relax and recharge

Go for a walk. Spend time in nature. Call a good friend. Sweat out tension with a good workout. Write in your journal. Take a long bath. Light scented candles

Savor a warm cup of coffee or tea. Play with a pet. Work in your garden. Get a massage. Curl up with a good book. Listen to music. Watch a comedy

Don’t get so caught up in the hustle and bustle of life that you forget to take care of your own needs. Nurturing yourself is a necessity, not a luxury.

• Set aside relaxation time. Include rest and relaxation in your daily schedule. Don’t allow other obligations to encroach. This is your time to take a break from all responsibilities and recharge your batteries.
• Connect with others. Spend time with positive people who enhance your life. A strong support system will buffer you from the negative effects of stress.
• Do something you enjoy every day. Make time for leisure activities that bring you joy, whether it be stargazing, playing the piano, or working on your bike.
• Keep your sense of humor. This includes the ability to laugh at yourself. The act of laughing helps your body fight stress in a number of ways.

Learn the relaxation response

You can control your stress levels with relaxation techniques that evoke the body’s relaxation response, a state of restfulness that is the opposite of the stress response. Regularly practicing these techniques will build your physical and emotional resilience, heal your body, and boost your overall feelings of joy and equanimity.
Read Stress Relief: Relaxation Practices That Reduce Stress

Stress management strategy #6: Adopt a healthy lifestyle

You can increase your resistance to stress by strengthening your physical health. 

• Exercise regularly. Physical activity plays a key role in reducing and preventing the effects of stress. Make time for at least 30 minutes of exercise, three times per week. Nothing beats aerobic exercise for releasing pent-up stress and tension.
• Eat a healthy diet. Well-nourished bodies are better prepared to cope with stress, so be mindful of what you eat. Start your day right with breakfast, and keep your energy up and your mind clear with balanced, nutritious meals throughout the day.
• Reduce caffeine and sugar. The temporary "highs" caffeine and sugar provide often end in with a crash in mood and energy. By reducing the amount of coffee, soft drinks, chocolate, and sugar snacks in your diet, you’ll feel more relaxed and you’ll sleep better.
• Avoid alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs. Self-medicating with alcohol or drugs may provide an easy escape from stress, but the relief is only temporary. Don’t avoid or mask the issue at hand; deal with problems head on and with a clear mind.
• Get enough sleep. Adequate sleep fuels your mind, as well as your body. Feeling tired will increase your stress because it may cause you to think irrationally.

Related Articles

Understanding Stress
Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Effects

Quick Stress Relief
How to Manage and Relieve Stress in the Moment

More Helpguide Articles:

• Improving Emotional Health: Strategies and Tips for Good Mental Health
• Preventing Burnout: Signs, Symptoms, Causes, and Coping Strategies
• Stress at Work: How to Reduce and Manage Workplace and Job Stress
• How to Stop Worrying: Self-Help Strategies for Anxiety Relief

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Feeling overwhelmed by stress and the pressures of daily life? This toolkit can help you regain your emotional balance.
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Related links for stress management

General information about managing and coping with stress

Managing Stress: A Guide for College Students – Offers a total wellness lifestyle plan for managing, reducing, and coping with stress. (University Health Center, University of Georgia)
Stress Management: How Do You React During Stressful Situations? – Evaluate the way you react to stress and learn how to transform your negative responses. (Mayo Clinic)
Stress Management for Parents – Stress management suggestions for stressed-out parents, including fifty-two proven stress reducers. (Child Development Institute)

Stress management strategies

Assert Yourself – Self-help modules designed to help you reduce stress, depression, and anxiety by improving your assertiveness. (Centre for Clinical Interventions)
Put Off Procrastinating – Work your way through a self-help series on how to stop procrastination problems. (Centre for Clinical Interventions)
What Are Some Specific Stress Reduction Methods? – Simple stress reduction suggestions, including diet, exercise, and cognitive-behavioral techniques. (University of Maryland Medical Center)
Exercise Fuels the Brain's Stress Buffers – Explains how regular exercise helps reduce and manage stress levels. (American Psychological Association)

Umar bin Al-Khattab radhiallahu ‘anh

Khalifah Kedua, Pintar Membezakan Antara Haq dan Bathil
Khalifah Umar bin Al-Khattab ra merupakan khalifah Islam yang kedua selepas Khalifah Abu Bakar ra. Perlantikannya merupakan wasiat daripada Khalifah Abu Bakar.
Nama penuhnya ialah Umar b. Al-Khattab b. Naufal b. Abdul Uzza b. Rabah b. Abdullah b. Qarth b. Razah b. Adiy b. Kaab. Di lahirkan pada tahun 583 M daripada Bani Adi iaitu salah satu bani dalam kabilah Quraish yang dipandang mulia, megah, dan berkedudukan tinggi. Waktu kecilnya pernah mengembala kambing dan dewasanya beliau berniaga dengan berulang alik ke Syam membawa barang dagangan. Waktu Jahiliah beliau pernah menjadi pendamai waktu terjadi pertelingkahan hebat antara kaum keluarganya. Beliau merupakan seorang yang berani, tegas dalam kira bicara, berterus terang menyatakan fikiran dan pandangannya dalam menghadapi satu-satu masalah. Beliau juga terkenal sebagai pemidato dan juga ahli gusti.

Saidina Umar memeluk Islam pada tahun keenam selepas kerasulan Nabi, sewaktu berumur 33 tahun, kerana tertarik dengan ayat-ayat Al-Quran yang dibaca oleh adiknya Fatimah. Beliau kemudiannya memberi sumbangan yang besar terhadap perkembangan Islam. Sebelum ini beliau merupakan musuh ketat kepada Islam dan sentiasa menghalangi perkembangan Islam. Orang Islam ramai yang berasa takut untuk melakukan ibadah kerana bimbangkan kepada orang Quraish yang selalu mengancang dan mengusir mereka. Setelah Umar memeluk Islam ramai dari kalangan orang-orang Islam yang tidak merasa apa-apa curiga lagi dalam mengerjakan ibadat.
Beliau digelar “al-Faruq” yang bermaksud “orang yang membezakan hak dengan yang bathil”. Gelaran ini diberikan oleh Rasulullah semasa beliau membawa sekumpulan umat Islam untuk bersembahyang di hadapan Kaabah secara terbuka untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah Islam. Beliau sendiri yang menjaganya daripada gangguan orang-orang Quraish. Nabi Muhammad SAW juga mengelarkannya sebagai “Abu Hafs” kerana kegagahannya.
Ketika berhijrah ke Madinah, ramai orang Islam yang keluar dari Kota Mekah secara bersembunyi, tetapi Umar keluar secara berterang-terangan. Pedang di tangannya sedia menghunus kepada sesiapa sahaja yang cuba menghalangnya.
Ketika Khalifah Abu Bakar sedang sakit dan merasa ajalnya akan tiba, beliau memanggil sahabat dan meninjau fikiran mereka untuk mencari tokoh Islam bagi dilantik menggantikan pentadbiran khalifah. Abu Bakar mencadangkan nama Umar untuk dicalonkan memegang jawatan itu. Cadangan tersebut mendapat persetujuan dari kalangan sahabat dan orang-orang ramai. Umar dilantik memegang jawatan sebagai khalifah kedua menggantikan Abu Bakar pada hari Selasa, 22 Jamadilakhir tahun 13 Hijrah, bersamaan dengan 23 Ogos 634 Masihi.
Sifat-Sifat Peribadi
Seorang yang bersifat berani dan tidak gentar dalam menegakkan kebenaran agama Islam juga seorang yang tegas dan adil. Ditakuti oleh orang ramai kerana keberaniannya taat pada ajaran Allah SWT. Seorang yang berpandangan jauh, berfikiran terbuka dan sedia untuk menerima pendapat orang lain. Seorang pemerintah yang bertanggungjawab, adil dan amanah. Pernah penyamar sebagai rakyat biasa walaupun ketika beliau memegnag jawatan khalifah untuk melihat sendiri keadaan rakyatnya, malah beliau sendiri yang mengangkat gandum dan minyak untuk diberikan kepada salah seorang daripada golongan yang memerlukan.
a) Berfikiran terbuka
Menerima pendapat sahabatnya Abu Bakar As-Shiddiq mengenai pembebasan tawanan perang Badar, iaitu mereka dikehendaki membayar wang tebusan atau mengajar anak-anak penduduk Madinah hingga pandai dan orang tua dibebaskan tanpa syarat. Menerima pendapat seorang perempuan yang mencadangkan supaya setiap orang boleh meletakkan maskahwin mengikut kemahuan sendiri, asalkan tidak membebankan kaum lelaki. Beliau bersedia ditegur dan menerima pendapat orang lain walaupun daripada rakyat biasa.
b) Berani
Sebelum memeluk Islam, beliau sangat kuat dan berani menentang Rasulullah SAW sikap beliau sangat ditakuti oleh orang-orang yang memeluk agama Islam. Beliau tidak gentar mengisyitiharkan dirinya telah memeluk Islam secara terbuka di khalayak ramai. Setelah memeluk Islam, beliau berani menunaikan ibadat secara terang-terangan di hadapan orang ramai. Beliau memberi cadangan kepada Rasulullah SAW supaya ajaran Islam disebarkan secara terbuka kepada orang ramai. Beliau mencabar orang kafir Quraisy supaya menghalang Rasulullah SAW daripada berpindah ke Madinah. Oleh kerana ketegasan dan keberaniannya itulah, maka beliau diberi gelaran “al-Faruq”.
c) Adil
Seorang pemerintah yang adil dan bertanggungjawab terhadap keselamatan, keamanan dan kemakmuran rakyatnya. Beliau banyak melakukan pembaharuan untuk kemajuan rakyatnya. Beliau sendiri keluar menyamar sebagai rakyat biasa untuk meninjau keadaan rakyatnya. Pada suatu malam, beliau terjumpa seorang kanak-kanak yang sedang menangis kelaparan. Beliau terus kembali mengambil gandum, memasakkan dan menyuapkan sendiri ke mulut kanak-kanak tersebut. Beliau juga pernah menjatuhkan hukuman ke atas anak pesuruhjaya Mesir, iaitu Umar al-Ash, yang telah memukul seorang Qibti yang kalah dalam perlumbaan kuda.
Kepimpinan Khalifah Umar Al-Khattab
1. Pembaharuan Dalam Bidang Pentadbiran
a) Membentuk Majlis Syura
Khalifah Umar telah membentuk satu Majlis Syura yang merupakan lembaga atau majlis perunding yang tertinggi. Ianya terbahagi kepada dua iaitu Majlis Syura Tertinggi dan majlis Syura Am.
Anggota Majlis Syura Tertinggi ialah terdiri daripada Uthman b. Affan, Ali b. Abi Talib, Zaid b. Tsabit, Abdul Rahman b. Auf, Saad b. Abi Waqas dan Muaz b. Jabal. Semua pekara yang melibatkan masalah politik, keselamatan dan sosial negara akan dibincangkan bersama-sama dalam majlis tersebut. Majlis Syura ini juga bertanggungjawab menentukan polisi negara dalam soal pemerintahan dalaman dan hubungan luar.
Melalui amalan sistem syura, Khalifah Umar dapat mengetahui apa-apa permasalahan yang berlaku kepada dalam semua segi. Beliau juga membuka peluang dan kebebasan yang seluas-luasnya kepada semua orang untuk mengemukakan fikiran dan pendapat mereka demi kebaikan dan keadilan Islam, Sehingga beliau menggangap semua manusia yang tidak mahu memberikan pendapat adalah manusia yang tidak berfaedah.
b) Membahagikan Wilayah-Wilayah Islam
Perkembangan Islam yang semakin luas dengan pembukaan negara-negara Islam yang baru telah memerlukan kepada pentadbir bagi menguruskan sesebuah negara. Dengan perluasan kuasa ini, Khalifah Umar telah membahagikan kerajaan Islam yang semakin luas kepada beberapa wilayah demi menjaga kelicinan pentadbiran Islam. Umar meletakkan beberapa orang pegawai untuk menjalankan pentadbiran. Mereka yang dilantik hendaklah datang ke Mekah pada tiap-tiap tahun selepas menunaikan haji untuk membuat laporan. Khalifah Umar dikatakan berkebolehan dalam memilih pegawai-pegawai yang cekap bagi melicinkan pentadbiran, sebagai contohnya Muawiyah b. Abu Sufian, Amru b. al-Ash, Mughirah b. Syu’bah dan Zaid b. Sumyah.
Sebelum seorang Gabenor itu dilantik, mereka haruslah mengisytiharkan harta mereka bagi mengelakkan dari menerima rasuah. Inilah syarat yang dikenakan oleh Khalifah Umar Al-Khattab bagi menjamin keadilan dan kesucian Islam.
c) Memperbaharui undang-undang pentadbiran tanah
Perluasan kuasa Islam menuntut kepada Khalifah Umar untuk melakukan pembaharuan terhadap sistem tanah. Di Mesir, Syria, dan Iraq misalnya, segala tanah-tanah awam adalah menjadi milik kerajaan tempatan dan segala hasil dari tanah tersebut akan digunakan untuk membiayai kemudahan-kemudahan awam negara itu juga. Khalifah Umar menetapkan tanah-tanah yang dimiliki oleh penduduknya tidak akan dirampas tetapi ianya akan dikenakan cukai.
Tentera atau umat Islam dari negara lain tidak dibenarkan mengambil tanah dari negara jajahan kecuali melalui pembelian. Ini berbeza dengan amalan-amalan sebelumnya dimana tanah-tanah akan dibahagikan kepada tentera yang menyertai peperangan.
2. Pembaharuan dalam bidang ekonomi
Banyak pembaharuan yang dilakukan oleh Umar bagi mengagihkan pendapatan kepada rakyat dan juga negara mengikut kehendak Islam. Kadar dan sistem cukai telah diubah. Cukai yang dikenakan mengikut jenis tanaman yang ditanam. Syarat-syarat yang menyusahkan rakyat dan tidak adil akan dihapuskan. Beliau juga sering bertanyakan kepada golongan-golongan Dzimmi (orang bukan Islam) untuk mengetahui samada cukai yang dikenakan membebankan mereka. Inilah langkah yang dilakukan oleh Umar sebelum pekara ini diperbaharui. Kesemua ini menyebabkan pungutan cukai menjadi cekap dan perbendaharan negara bertambah.
Beliau juga turut memajukan sistem pertanian dengan membuka tanah-tanah baru dan juga mengadakan projek pengairan, yang mana ianya telah dilaksanakan di Mesir dan Iraq bagi menambahkan lagi hasil pertanian.
3. Pembaharuan Dalam Bidang Sosial
a) Melakukan polisi baru untuk golongan Dzimmi
Khalifah Umar telah mengadakan cukai tanah dan juga jizyah kepada golongan ini. Cukai ini adalah berpatutan kerana rendah kadarnya dan tidak menyusahkan mereka. Pernah suatu kali khalifah Umar memanggil 10 orang Dzimmi dari Kufah dan 10 orang Dzimmi dari Basyrah supaya mereka bersumpah, bahawa cukai yang dikenakan keatas mereka tidak membebankan.
Taraf dan hak awam di berikan sama rata seperti apa yang dinikmati oleh orang Islam. Golongan Dzimmi yang masih menentang Islam akan dibuang atau dihalau keluar negara. Harta mereka tidak akan dirampas, malah harta mereka yang tidak dapat dipindahkan seperti ladang akan dibayar ganti rugi oleh kerajaan Islam.
b) Memperbaharui taraf kedudukan hamba
Golongan hamba pada masa itu telah diberikan hak kepentingan sosial dan taraf yang baik. Hamba tidak lagi dihina dan ditindas, mereka boleh hidup bebas seperti orang-orang biasa, kecualilah bagi orang-orang yang benar menentang Islam dalam peperangan. Umar menetapkan bahawa hamba perempuan yang menjadi ibu tidak boleh dijual sewenang-wenangnya seperti hamba-hamba lain. Begitu juga dengan hamba yang berkeluarga tidak boleh dipisahkan dari keluarga mereka.
Taraf golongan hamba juga disamakan dengan tuannya dalam apa-apa hal tertentu, pegawai-pegawai yang tidak menghormati dan menjaga hal kebajikan hamba akan dikenakan tindakan oleh Khalifah Umar. Sebagai contoh, Umar pernah melucutkan jawatan seorang pegawainya yang tidak menziarahi pekerjanya yang sakit.
c) Mengalakkan kegiatan keilmuan dan pelajaran
Pelbagai langkah telah dilakukan oleh Khalifah Umar untuk mengembangkan pelajaran al-Quran. Beliau menyediakan guru-guru bagi mengajar pelbagai ilmu berhubung dengan keilmuan dan dihantar ke serata tempat bagi yang memerlukan serta diberi gaji yang lumayan. Sekolah-sekolah ditubuhkan di masjid-masjid bagi diajar pelajaran Islam di seluruh wilayah Islam. Umat Islam diwajibkan menghafal surah-surah tertentu didalam al-Quran bagi menghuraikan prinsip-prinsip utama ajaran Islam seperti surah al-Baqarah, an-Nisa, al-Maidah dan sebagainya. Golongan ini akan diberikan pelbagai ganjaran sebagai satu usaha untuk menggalakkan menghafal kandungan al-Quran.
4. Pembaharuan Dalam Bidang Ekonomi
a) Memajukan sistem pertanian
Khalifah Umar telah mewujudkan terusan bagi memajukan sistem pertanian yang mana terusan tersebut seperti Terusan Amirul Mukminin yang menghubungkan Sungai Nil dengan Laut Merah sepanjang 69 batu dari bandar Fustat. Di Iraq pula beliau telah membina Empangan Abu Musa yang menyambungkan Sungai Dujlah (Tigres) dengan bandar Basrah.
Tanah juga telah dikajiselidik bagi menempatkan tanaman-tanaman yang bermutu. Rakyat juga digalakan untuk membuka tanah-tanah baru bagi memperbanyakkan hasil pertanian. Tanah yang tidak dikerjakan akan ditarik balik sekiranya tidak terdapat hasil pertanian di dalamnya. Begitu juga beliau juga telah mengadakan sistem cukai bagi menambahkan pendapatan negara.
Akhir Hayat Khalifah Umar al-Khattab ra
Khalifah Umar adalah merupakan Khalifah yang banyak melakukan pembaharuan kepada negara Islam. Selepas memerintah negara Islam selama 10 tahun 6 bulan dan 4 hari, beliau pun wafat pada malam Rabu di akhir bulan Zulhijjah tahun 23 Hijrah, sewaktu berumur 63 tahun. Beliau ditikam oleh Abu Lu’luah, bangsa Parsi yang beragama Majusi. Beliau dimakamkan berhampiran dengan makam Rasulullah dan Abu Bakar di Madinah. Pentadbiran khalifah selepasnya pula diberikan kepada Saidina Uthman b. Affan ra.
Allahu a’lam.

my 1st "started"..

Peace upon all of us.. a full of thankful to Allah Subhanallah huwata`ala with a lot of goods from Him to us started before our birth until now Allah Subhanallahuwata`la never ask anything to us for it. i would like to phrase thanks to you dropping a while in my blog. Hopefully there`s a lot of things you can gain from this.any suggestions and ideas I'm feel free to accept it for the sake of us. May Allah Subhanallahuwata`la bless of us..^_^